Bloomberg’s inclusion of Chinese onshore bonds into its main global index from April 2019, subject to certain conditions, isn’t about market access—the market has been open for years.
Fund managers may say that China's bond market is new territory, but we have been investing there for several years.
Since 2013 we have managed funds that have been invested in the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM), originally through the use of quotas. As different access schemes, aside from quotas, have been introduced in the past 1 to 2 years, we have been able to move to these more flexible options to trade in the onshore market.
Today, while the interbank market is technically open to all investors, not all managers are yet equipped to execute and settle trades directly in the CIBM. This is due to the detailed operational requirements that are needed onshore which many investors have not yet tackled. Fortunately, having already gone through the onshore operational setup some years ago, it has allowed us to immediately take advantage of the new direct access schemes.
For investors not set up with onshore arrangements, the new Bond Connect scheme offers a solution via the Hong Kong Exchange, giving an indirect link into the interbank market. Whilst convenient in some respects, certain operational limitations eg. Non DVP settlement, may cause issues for investors.
From April 2019, Bloomberg has proposed to begin a 20-month process of adding over 300 bonds from policy banks and the government into its Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond index benchmark.
The index providers have stipulated some aspects of settlement and tax clarification are requirements before the full implementation.
When completed, international investors that track the benchmark will have to allocate to China's onshore markets.
That amounts to a large commitment as these bonds will account for an estimated 5.49% of the total index, or an projected market value of $2.94 trillion (1)
Never before and never again have we seen a market of such massive size and opportunity become available in one go, or seen the flow of capital that will likely result.
The announcement came slightly earlier than we expected, but we think this is testament to both China's market access reforms in the past five years and overseas investors' demand for Chinese fixed income. We see the index inclusion announcement as a big bang moment for Chinese fixed income for three main reasons.
Firstly, we believe other major indices will follow suit. Bloomberg's announcement demonstrates that international indices recognize China's steps to open its bond market and we expect other benchmark providers, like the Citibank World Government Bond Index, to surely follow.
Secondly, the RMB internationalization process will accelerate. We've had SDR inclusion, MSCI A share inclusion, central banks and sovereign wealth funds publicly announcing allocations to the RMB and Chinese bonds, countries becoming official clearing hubs for RMB, and new RMB-priced oil futures contracts starting.
The reforms have been vast and the pace of reform continues to surprise on the upside. The bond inclusion from this perspective looks like a natural progression in a long list of opening-up measures already in place in China's financial markets.
Finally, the move will trigger a large-scale reallocation of capital to China's onshore markets.
Put simply, index tracking investors will have to shift their allocations to meet the benchmark weights when Chinese bonds are included, both in Bloomberg's index and other benchmarks.
Onshore markets have already been growing rapidly, reaching RMB 63 trillion (USD 9.4 trillion) at the end of December 2017, as China has moved from a bank-led financing system to one where capital markets play an increasing role.
Overseas investors will likely be more prominent because index inclusion will accelerate the reorientation of institutional capital into China's onshore bond markets seen over the past three years.
Overseas institutional investors' onshore bond holdings hit RMB 1.2 trillion in December 2017, three times higher than January 2014 and up 40% y-o-y.
China's onshore bond market is estimated to overtake Japan as the world's second largest bond market globally because there was a new budgetary law passed in 2015 requiring provinces or local governments to cease borrowing from banks and fund via publicly traded bond markets.
Index inclusion will put the investment opportunities in onshore Chinese bonds into clearer focus. In our view, yields on government and policy bank debt offer compelling value compared to global developed markets.
The onshore market is liquid, primarily government backed bonds – seeing over RMB 100 trillion of turnover in 2017 – and government-backed bonds represent a safe investment since China is the second largest creditor nation in the world. There aren't many net creditor nations in the world of flat currencies left!
We regard index inclusion as also supportive for RMB inflows, and that's why we are bullish on the RMB longer term.
At a time when the world is concerned about RMB outflows, that's an unfashionable position to take, but we believe that moves such as index inclusion and the creation of Petroyuan will force investors to think differently about Chinese assets.
In sum, Bloomberg's announcement marks a big bang moment for China's onshore bond markets because other indices will almost certainly follow, reforms will likely accelerate, and projected global capital flows will see the RMB continuing to internationalize as a currency.
Index inclusion will only add to the reasons why investors need to take notice of opportunities in China, and that's not a bad problem to have in a world of low yields. As we've highlighted, yields on China government bonds offer strong value, both in nominal and real terms, compared to developed markets.
Even investors not focused on China will have to take notice too, because developments in the China bond market will influence events in global bond markets.
Looking to the longer-term, we expect the range of onshore bonds included in global indices to not only cover government bonds, but also corporates, thus opening a brand new opportunity set for bond investors.
With these trends in mind, we see the changes in China's bond markets as an opportunity that is too big to ignore, and investors should prepare accordingly.
Never before and never again have we seen a market of such massive size and opportunity become available in one go, or seen the flow of capital that will likely result.
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