Note 42 Additional Disclosures Required under US GAAP and SEC Rules

In addition to the differences in valuation, income recognition and presentation, disclosure differences exist between IFRS and US GAAP. The following are additional disclosures that relate to the basic Financial Statements required under US GAAP. Unless otherwise indicated in the note, all amounts are shown on an IFRS basis.

Note 42.1 Variable Interest Entities

Introduction

Since 1 January 2004, UBS has applied FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003), an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (FIN 46-R). Until 31 December 2003, the predecessor standard, FIN 46, had application to UBS only with respect to transitional disclosure requirements, and consolidation requirements for certain variable interest entities (VIEs) created after 31 January 2003. All amounts in Note 42.1 are reported on a US GAAP basis.

Identification of variable interest entities (VIEs) and measurement of variable interests

Qualifying special purpose entities (QSPEs) per FASB Statement No. 140 Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities are excluded from the scope of FIN 46-R. In most other cases, US GAAP requires that control over an entity be assessed first based on voting interests; if voting interests do not exist, or differ significantly from economic interests, the entity is considered a VIE under FIN 46-R, and control is assessed based on its variable interests. Specifically, VIEs are legal entities in which no equity investors exist, or the equity investors:

– do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; or

– do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or

– have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests, and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of investors with disproportionately small or no voting interests.

VIEs are evaluated for consolidation based on all contractual, ownership, or other interests that expose their holders to the risks and rewards of the entity. These interests are termed variable interests and include only investments or contractual interests whose value changes with changes in the fair value of a VIE's net assets, exclusive of variable interests. Interests of related parties (including management, employees, affiliates and agents) are included in the evaluation as if owned directly by the enterprise.

The holder of a variable interest that receives a majority of a VIE's expected losses, expected residual returns, or both, is the VIE's primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE and provide certain disclosures. The holder of a significant variable interest in a VIE is required to make disclosures only. UBS treats variable interests of more than 20% of a VIE's expected losses, expected residual returns, or both, as significant.

The FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) has summarized four different general approaches to the application of FIN 46-R in EITF issue No. 04-7. In applying FIN 46-R, UBS has adopted a quantitative approach, particularly for derivatives, based on variability in the fair value of the net assets in the VIE, exclusive of variable interests.

Under this approach, investments or derivatives in a VIE either create (increase), or absorb (decrease) variability in the fair value of a VIE's net assets. The VIE counterparty is a risk creator (risk maker), or risk absorber (risk taker), respectively. Only risk absorption (risk taker) positions are assessed; risk creation interests are deemed not to be variable interests.

VIEs often contain multiple risk factors, such as credit, equity, foreign currency and interest rate risks, which require quantification by variable interest holders. UBS analyzes these risks into components, identifies the parties absorbing them, and uses models to quantify and compare them. These models are based on internally approved valuation models and in some cases require the use of Monte Carlo simulation techniques.

They are applied when UBS first becomes involved with a VIE, or after a major restructuring.

Measurement of maximum exposure to loss

Maximum exposure to loss is disclosed for VIEs in which UBS has a significant variable interest.

UBS's maximum exposure to loss is generally measured as its net investment in the VIE, plus any additional amounts it may be obligated to invest. If UBS receives credit protection from credit derivatives it is measured as any positive replacement value of the derivatives. If UBS has provided guarantees or other types of credit protection to a VIE it is measured as the notional amount of the credit protection instruments or credit derivatives. In other derivative transactions exposing UBS to potential losses, there is no theoretical limit to the maximum loss which could be incurred before considering offsetting positions or hedges entered into outside of the VIE. However, UBS's general risk management process involves the hedging of risk exposures for VIEs, on the same basis as for non-VIE counterparties. See Note 29 for a further discussion of UBS's risk mitigation strategies.

VIEs in which UBS is the primary beneficiary

VIEs in which UBS is the primary beneficiary require consolidation, which may increase both total assets and liabilities of the US GAAP Financial Statements, or in other cases may result in a reclassification of existing assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, an entity not consolidated under IFRS is consolidated under FIN 46-R because UBS is the primary beneficiary. Significant groups of these include CHF 2.5 billion of investment fund products, and CHF 1.1 billion of securitization VIEs, which includes some third-party VIEs mentioned below.

UBS has reviewed the population of potential third-party VIEs it is involved with. Those identified in which UBS is the primary beneficiary, and which are consolidated for US GAAP purposes, have combined assets of approximately CHF 3.4 billion and are included in the table below.

Many entities consolidated under US GAAP due to FIN 46-R are already consolidated under IFRS, based on the determination of exercise of control under IFRS. The total size of this population is approximately CHF 7.5 billion, mostly comprising investment funds managed by UBS, other investment fund products, employee equity compensation trusts mentioned previously, and private equity investments.

Certain VIEs in which UBS is the primary beneficiary, but for which UBS also holds a majority voting interest, are consolidated, but do not require disclosure in the table below. In most cases such VIEs, or their financial position and performance, are already consolidated under IFRS.

The creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs in which UBS is the primary beneficiary do not have any recourse to the general credit of UBS.

Entities which are de-consolidated for US GAAP purposes

In certain cases, an entity consolidated under IFRS is not consolidated under FIN 46-R. UBS consolidates under IFRS several entities that have issued preferred securities amounting to CHF 4.5 billion, which are de-consolidated for US GAAP purposes. Under IFRS the preferred securities are equity instruments held by third parties and are treated as minority interests, with dividends paid also reported in minority interests; the UBS issued debt held by these entities and the respective interest amounts are eliminated in consolidation. Under US GAAP, these entities are not consolidated and the UBS-issued debt is recognized as a liability in the UBS Group Financial Statements, with interest paid reported in Interest expense.

VIEs in which UBS holds a significant variable interest

VIEs in which UBS holds a significant variable interest but does not consolidate the VIE are mostly used in securitizations, or as investment fund products, including funds managed by UBS.

UBS has reviewed the population of potential third-party VIEs it is involved with. Those identified in which UBS holds a significant variable interest have combined assets of approximately CHF 4.6 billion, for which UBS has a maximum exposure to loss of approximately CHF 2.4 billion. Disclosures for these are included in the table below.

Third-party VIEs not otherwise classified

FIN 46-R requires UBS to consider all VIEs for consolidation, including VIEs which UBS has not created, but in which it holds variable interests as a third-party counterparty, either through direct or indirect investment, or through derivative transactions.

UBS has identified that it holds variable interests in 81 third party VIEs that in some cases could result in UBS being considered the primary beneficiary, but the information necessary to make this determination, or perform the accounting required to consolidate the VIE was held by third parties, and was not available to UBS. Additional disclosures for these VIEs are provided in the table below.

Note 42.2 Securitizations

UBS records a securitization of financial assets when the transfer of financial assets to the special purpose entity meets the accounting criteria to be accounted for as a sale. These criteria include: (1) the assets are legally isolated from UBS's creditors; (2) the entity can pledge or exchange the financial assets, or if the entity is a qualifying special purpose entity, its investors can pledge or exchange their beneficial interests; and (3) UBS does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase the assets before their maturity or have the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return the assets.

During the years ended 31 December 2006, 2005 and 2004, UBS securitized residential mortgage loans and securities, commercial mortgage loans and other financial assets, acting as lead or co-manager. UBS's continuing involvement in these transactions was primarily limited to the temporary retention of various security interests. All amounts are shown on a US GAAP basis. Prior period amounts have been adjusted to conform to the current year's presen­tation.

Related pre-tax gains (losses) recognized, including unrealized gains (losses) on retained interests, at the time of securitization were as follows:

At 31 December 2006 and 2005, UBS retained CHF 3.5 billion and CHF 1.7 billion, respectively, in agency residential mortgage securities, backed by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). The retained interests in investment-grade non-residential and other asset-backed securities amounted to CHF 1,618 million at 31 December 2006 and CHF 713 million at 31 December 2005. The fair value of investment-grade retained interests is generally determined using observable market prices. Retained interests in non-investment-grade securities were not material at 31 December 2006 and 2005.

Note 42.3 Industrial Holdings' Income Statement

After the acquisition of an additional 20% stake in Motor-Columbus, a Swiss holding company whose most significant asset is a 59.3% interest in Atel, a Swiss-based European energy provider, UBS held a majority ownership interest in the company, and as a result, consolidated Motor-Columbus in its Financial Statements since 1 July 2004. The investment in Motor-Columbus is presented as a discontinued operation in the income statements for the years ended 31 December 2006, 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2004 due to its sale on 23 March 2006 (refer to Note 38 Discontinued Operations). In addition, due to the adoption of IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements which is further described in Note 1b), UBS retrospectively consolidated ­certain private equity investments to 1 January 2003. The following table provides information required by Regulation S-X for commercial and industrial companies, including a condensed income statement and certain additional balance sheet information.

Note 42.4 Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, UBS provides representations, warranties and indemnifications to counterparties in connection with numerous transactions. These provisions are generally ancillary to the business purposes of the contracts in which they are embedded. Indemnification clauses are generally standard contractual terms related to the Group's own performance under a contract and are entered into based on an assessment that the risk of loss is remote. Indemnifications may also protect counterparties in the event that additional taxes are owed due either to a change in applicable tax laws or to adverse interpretations of tax laws. The purpose of these clauses is to ensure that the terms of a contract are met at inception.

The most significant business where UBS provides representations and warranties is asset securitizations. UBS generally represents that certain securitized assets meet specific requirements, for example documentary attributes. UBS may be required to repurchase the assets and/or indemnify the purchaser of the assets against losses due to any breaches of such representations or warranties. Generally, the maximum amount of future payments the Group would be required to make under such repurchase and/or indemnification provisions would be equal to the current amount of assets held by such securitization-related SPEs as of 31 December 2006, plus, in certain circumstances, accrued and unpaid interest on such assets and certain expenses. The potential loss due to such repurchase and/or indemnity is mitigated by the due diligence UBS performs to ensure that the assets comply with the requirements set forth in the representations and warranties. UBS receives no compensation for representations and warranties, and it is not possible to determine their fair value because they rarely, if ever, result in a payment. Historically, losses incurred on such repurchases and / or indemnifications have been insignificant. Management expects the risk of material loss to be remote. No liabilities related to such representations, warranties, and indemnifications are included in the balance sheet at 31 December 2006 and 2005.