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Peter Kurer & Marcel Rohner | |
Dear shareholders,
As pre-announced on 1 April 2008, UBS recorded a loss attributable to shareholders of CHF 11.5 billion in first quarter 2008,
with losses on US mortgage market and related structured credit positions again heavily impacting results in our Investment
Bank's fixed income, currencies and commodities (FICC) business.
The US residential mortgage market accelerated its downward spiral during first quarter 2008, negatively affecting other markets
and securities and culminating in the rescue of a large US investment bank.
In addition, first quarter 2008 was characterized by lower capital markets activity, sharply reduced mergers and acquisitions
and falling securities prices. Considering these unfavorable conditions, revenue performance in most of our businesses was
satisfactory.
While profit levels reduced in our wealth and asset management businesses and Business Banking Switzerland, in comparison
with fourth quarter 2007, they remained high in absolute terms. Lower invested assets, and therefore asset-based fee income,
were primarily driven by the strengthening of the Swiss franc against the major currencies in which many client assets are
denominated (US dollar, euro and British pound) and a second successive quarter of declining equity indices.
In the Investment Bank, revenues generated by our advisory and capital markets businesses fell from first quarter 2007, in
the context of a more than 40% contraction in global fee volume. The equities business was negatively impacted by weaker proprietary
trading results and lower revenues in derivatives and equity-linked instruments, which were only partially offset by improved
contributions from cash commissions, exchange-traded derivatives and prime brokerage. Although trading results were weak in
most FICC areas, there were some exceptions, such as rates, which had a strong quarter driven by government bond trading and
the European swaps and options business, and the foreign exchange business, which benefited from higher volumes and good client
flows. In commodities, lower revenues from energy trading were offset by good results in other areas such as metals.
Variable compensation expenses were reduced from fourth quarter 2007, as were most categories of non-personnel costs, but
these could not compensate for the decrease in revenues. The result was an increase in cost / income ratios for all businesses
compared with fourth quarter 2007. In the Investment Bank, cost cuts were partially offset by higher severance payments, following
the restructuring in fourth quarter 2007, and higher legal provisions.
Falling expectations for equity market returns have led to modest deleveraging of private client portfolios and the near absence
of corporate events has negatively affected private wealth creation. Despite this, our global wealth management businesses
had net new money inflows of CHF 5.6 billion in first quarter 2008.However, Business Banking Switzerland saw net outflows of CHF 1.9 billion and Global Asset Management recorded net outflows
of CHF 16.5 billion. In Global Asset Management, we have reorganized management with the aim of improving investment performance
consistently, and regaining institutional assets over time.
Our capital base has been reinforced and will remain strong - and we would like to thank you for your support of the measures
we have been able to take. In February 2008, you approved the CHF 13 billion issue of mandatory convertible notes (MCNs), which are included in the
Tier 1 ratio for first quarter 2008.
Two additional measures were taken in April and are effective in second quarter 2008. We issued EUR 1 billion of perpetual
preferred securities and these now form part of Tier 1 capital. And, at the annual general meeting (AGM) on 23 April, your
approval of the ordinary capital increase proposed by the Board of Directors will allow us to raise approximately CHF 15 billion
of capital that has already been fully underwritten by four leading international banks. Taking into account both these measures,
our pro-forma Tier 1 ratio on 31 March 2008 would have been 11.8% and our total capital ratio 15.6% - among the highest in
the industry.
The first step in leaving this crisis behind us is an open and honest review of what went wrong. For this reason, a summary of UBS's report to the Swiss regulator was published on our website prior to April's AGM. The report
explains the root causes of UBS's losses in the US residential mortgage securities markets through to year-end 2007. We are
acutely conscious that the key findings of this report, and the huge financial losses in fourth quarter 2007 and first quarter
2008, are a severe disappointment to all our key constituencies - shareholders, clients, employees and regulators. We share
this disappointment and we hope that by providing as much clarity as possible on what happened, we have made an important
first step in recovering your confidence. We are personally committed to reforms that enable UBS to recover its reputation
and its financial strength.
As discussed at the AGM, the Board of Directors (BoD) has initiated a re-organization of its structure that includes allocating
the functions of the Chairman's Office - which will no longer exist - to a number of new BoD committees, each of which have
a majority of independent directors. This will include a newly established risk committee, chaired by David Sidwell, who is
an experienced banker and finance expert and was elected to the BoD at the AGM.
We can see tangible effects as a result of our initial responses to the losses. Our risk inventory has decreased since third quarter 2007: positions related to US sub-prime have decreased by approximately
60% through a combination of disposals and writedowns. And, while our remaining exposure is still subject to swings in market
conditions, we see market demand for these securities returning in certain areas and at the current level of valuations. Risk
measurement systems have also undergone corrections, with the first stage in repositioning FICC now complete. The management
structure of FICC has been simplified, the areas we wish to exit from are identified and the associated legacy positions are
now managed separately by a work-out group. In a further step, we are in the process of creating a new entity to hold substantial
parts of this portfolio, with the aim of reducing our exposure to this entity in a way which will optimize value for you,
our shareholders, over time. Furthermore, as the results of first quarter illustrate, we have continued to reduce the size
of our balance sheet, with an active cutback of trading inventories in our Investment Bank.
We are focused on the profitability of our Investment Bank and this will continue throughout 2008. Our vision, as we have frequently communicated, is to succeed in implementing a truly client-driven Investment Bank built
upon UBS's traditional strengths - our global presence, particularly our strong footprint in Europe and Asia; our leading
businesses in equities, equity capital markets and foreign exchange; our recent emergence as one of the preferred advisors
on mergers and acquisitions; and our long-standing relationships with other financial institutions. Since joining the bank
on 17 March 2008, Jerker Johansson has been instrumental in rapidly implementing this vision through his role as Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer of the Investment Bank.
As the success of our "one firm" approach depends on the individual success of our businesses, we expect each of UBS's businesses
- investment banking, wealth management, asset management and our Swiss retail banking business - to earn an appropriate return
on equity. In order to steer management towards pursuing and developing businesses with the best balance between profit potential,
risk and effective capital usage, UBS has introduced a new framework that attributes equity capital to individual business
groups and business units, taking into account the differing natures, risk profiles and investor expectations. We now publish
this measure in our quarterly reports, providing you with information that helps you assess our performance at a more granular
level. In future, this will help to ensure that all businesses produce commensurate and sufficient returns to fund their own
growth, by cooperating across the firm in the best interest of our clients, but without relying on cost, revenue, or capital
cross-subsidies.
The year started with tough business conditions for the financial industry as a whole. We expect this difficult environment to remain and be characterized by a continuing unfavorable global economic climate, deleveraging
by institutional and private investors, slower wealth creation and lower trading and capital market activity. The impact will
affect all of our businesses and we are required to manage costs, resources and capacity very actively. The Investment Bank
expects to employ around 19,000 people at the end of 2008. This will require a reduction of up to 2,600, of which the large
majority, unfortunately, will be redundancies . In the other business groups, we will reduce personnel numbers mainly through
natural attrition and internal redeployment, although we will not be able to avoid redundancies entirely. Assuming no change
in market conditions, we estimate that by mid-2009, UBS as a whole will have about 5,500 fewer employees than today.
6 May 2008
UBS